Southern Company (SO) | Financial Analysis & Statements
Southern Company Large-cap Utilities
TL;DR: Financial Overview - Revenue, Profits & Key Metrics
Latest Quarterly: Dec 2025Income Metrics
Revenue
7.0B
Gross Profit
2.8B
39.97%
Operating Income
917.0M
13.14%
Net Income
341.0M
4.88%
Balance Sheet Metrics
Total Assets
155.7B
Total Liabilities
116.9B
Shareholders Equity
38.9B
Debt to Equity
3.01
Cash Flow Metrics
Operating Cash Flow
2.7B
Free Cash Flow
-1.7B
Revenue & Profitability Trend
Quarter Income Flow
Dec 31, 2025
Annual Income Flow
2025
Southern Company Income Statement From 2021 to 2025
| Metric | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 29.6B | 26.7B | 25.3B | 29.3B | 23.1B |
| Cost of Goods Sold | 15.2B | 13.4B | 13.5B | 18.4B | 12.9B |
| Gross Profit | 14.3B | 13.3B | 11.7B | 10.9B | 10.2B |
| Gross Margin % | 48.5% | 49.9% | 46.4% | 37.2% | 44.3% |
| Operating Expenses | |||||
| Research & Development | - | - | - | - | - |
| Selling, General & Administrative | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Operating Expenses | - | -21.0M | -68.0M | 183.0M | 1.7B |
| Total Operating Expenses | 0 | -21.0M | -68.0M | 183.0M | 1.7B |
| Operating Income | 7.3B | 7.1B | 5.8B | 5.6B | 3.7B |
| Operating Margin % | 24.7% | 26.4% | 23.1% | 19.2% | 16.0% |
| Non-Operating Items | |||||
| Interest Income | - | - | - | - | - |
| Interest Expense | 3.2B | 2.7B | 2.4B | 2.0B | 1.8B |
| Other Non-Operating Income | 952.0M | 904.0M | 965.0M | 624.0M | 713.0M |
| Pre-tax Income | 5.0B | 5.2B | 4.3B | 4.2B | 2.6B |
| Income Tax | 828.0M | 969.0M | 496.0M | 795.0M | 267.0M |
| Effective Tax Rate % | 16.6% | 18.5% | 11.4% | 18.8% | 10.4% |
| Net Income | 4.2B | 4.3B | 3.8B | 3.4B | 2.3B |
| Net Margin % | 14.1% | 15.9% | 15.2% | 11.7% | 10.0% |
| Key Metrics | |||||
| EBITDA | 13.9B | 13.0B | 11.5B | 10.3B | 8.2B |
| EPS (Basic) | $3.94 | $4.05 | $3.64 | $3.28 | $2.26 |
| EPS (Diluted) | $3.92 | $3.99 | $3.62 | $3.26 | $2.26 |
| Basic Shares Outstanding | 1103000000 | 1096000000 | 1092000000 | 1075000000 | 1061000000 |
| Diluted Shares Outstanding | 1103000000 | 1096000000 | 1092000000 | 1075000000 | 1061000000 |
Income Statement Trend
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Southern Company Balance Sheet From 2021 to 2025
| Metric | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assets | |||||
| Current Assets | |||||
| Cash & Equivalents | 1.6B | 1.1B | 748.0M | 1.9B | 1.8B |
| Short-term Investments | - | - | - | - | - |
| Accounts Receivable | 2.3B | 2.2B | 2.0B | 2.1B | 1.8B |
| Inventory | 3.3B | 3.4B | 3.4B | 2.7B | 2.4B |
| Other Current Assets | 1.5B | 1.6B | 1.9B | 1.6B | 1.4B |
| Total Current Assets | 10.9B | 10.7B | 10.4B | 10.4B | 9.0B |
| Non-Current Assets | |||||
| Property, Plant & Equipment | 3.0B | 2.9B | 3.0B | 3.0B | 3.2B |
| Goodwill | 10.6B | 10.7B | 10.7B | 10.7B | 11.0B |
| Intangible Assets | 300.0M | 332.0M | 368.0M | 406.0M | 445.0M |
| Long-term Investments | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Non-Current Assets | 2.8B | 3.0B | 3.8B | 4.6B | 2.9B |
| Total Non-Current Assets | 144.8B | 134.5B | 128.9B | 124.5B | 118.6B |
| Total Assets | 155.7B | 145.2B | 139.3B | 134.9B | 127.5B |
| Liabilities | |||||
| Current Liabilities | |||||
| Accounts Payable | 3.7B | 3.7B | 2.9B | 3.5B | 2.2B |
| Short-term Debt | 7.1B | 6.3B | 5.0B | 7.1B | 3.8B |
| Current Portion of Long-term Debt | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other Current Liabilities | 1.7B | 1.8B | 1.7B | 1.3B | 1.4B |
| Total Current Liabilities | 16.9B | 16.0B | 13.5B | 15.7B | 10.9B |
| Non-Current Liabilities | |||||
| Long-term Debt | 66.9B | 60.0B | 58.5B | 52.0B | 51.6B |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | 18.8B | 18.2B | 17.7B | 17.4B | 16.5B |
| Other Non-Current Liabilities | 2.0B | 2.0B | 2.0B | 1.9B | 2.1B |
| Total Non-Current Liabilities | 100.0B | 92.5B | 90.6B | 84.6B | 84.0B |
| Total Liabilities | 116.9B | 108.5B | 104.1B | 100.4B | 95.0B |
| Equity | |||||
| Common Stock | 5.6B | 5.4B | 5.4B | 5.4B | 5.3B |
| Retained Earnings | 14.9B | 13.8B | 12.5B | 11.5B | 10.9B |
| Treasury Stock | 59.0M | 59.0M | 59.0M | 53.0M | 47.0M |
| Other Equity | - | - | - | - | - |
| Total Shareholders Equity | 38.9B | 36.7B | 35.2B | 34.5B | 32.6B |
| Key Metrics | |||||
| Total Debt | 74.1B | 66.3B | 63.5B | 59.1B | 55.5B |
| Working Capital | -6.0B | -5.3B | -3.0B | -5.3B | -2.0B |
Balance Sheet Composition
Southern Company Cash Flow Statement From 2021 to 2025
| Metric | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Activities | |||||
| Net Income | 4.2B | 4.3B | 3.8B | 3.4B | 2.3B |
| Depreciation & Amortization | 6.0B | 5.3B | 5.0B | 4.1B | 4.0B |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 136.0M | 132.0M | 137.0M | 127.0M | 144.0M |
| Working Capital Changes | 310.0M | 1.2B | -135.0M | 160.0M | -784.0M |
| Operating Cash Flow | 10.0B | 10.1B | 8.1B | 6.5B | 6.4B |
| Investing Activities | |||||
| Capital Expenditures | -12.7B | -9.0B | -9.1B | -7.9B | -7.6B |
| Acquisitions | -634.0M | 369.0M | 164.0M | 275.0M | 917.0M |
| Investment Purchases | -1.7B | -1.6B | -1.1B | -1.1B | -1.6B |
| Investment Sales | 1.7B | 1.5B | 1.1B | 1.1B | 1.6B |
| Investing Cash Flow | -14.0B | -9.4B | -9.7B | -8.4B | -7.4B |
| Financing Activities | |||||
| Share Repurchases | - | 0 | 0 | -298.0M | 0 |
| Dividends Paid | -3.0B | -3.0B | -3.0B | -2.9B | -2.8B |
| Debt Issuance | 12.5B | 6.2B | 9.0B | 5.1B | 8.3B |
| Debt Repayment | -5.9B | -3.9B | -5.9B | -3.6B | -4.4B |
| Financing Cash Flow | 4.3B | -1.9B | -631.0M | 849.0M | 1.9B |
| Free Cash Flow | -2.9B | 833.0M | -1.5B | -1.6B | -1.4B |
| Net Change in Cash | 363.0M | -1.1B | -2.2B | -1.1B | 950.0M |
Cash Flow Trend
Southern Company Key Financial Ratios
Valuation Ratios
P/E Ratio (TTM)
23.96
Forward P/E
19.10
Price to Book
2.92
Price to Sales
3.58
PEG Ratio
19.10
Profitability Ratios
Profit Margin
14.69%
Operating Margin
12.74%
Return on Equity
11.04%
Return on Assets
3.28%
Financial Health
Current Ratio
0.65
Debt to Equity
190.59
Beta
0.40
Per Share Data
EPS (TTM)
$3.92
Book Value per Share
$32.18
Revenue per Share
$26.79
Peer Financial Comparison
| Company | Market Cap | P/E Ratio | P/B Ratio | ROE | Profit Margin | Debt/Equity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SO | 105.4B | 23.96 | 2.92 | 11.04% | 14.69% | 190.59 |
| NextEra Energy | 200.7B | 27.45 | 3.46 | 8.37% | 24.93% | 146.24 |
| Duke Energy | 99.0B | 20.17 | 1.95 | 9.72% | 15.63% | 171.84 |
| American Electric | 73.2B | 20.28 | 2.35 | 12.49% | 16.36% | 154.24 |
| Dominion Energy | 55.0B | 17.61 | 1.91 | 9.74% | 18.16% | 150.09 |
| Entergy | 52.2B | 28.25 | 2.95 | 10.77% | 13.58% | 181.79 |
Financial data is updated regularly. All figures are in the company's reporting currency.






